马铃薯枯萎病和干腐病药剂防治筛选试验报告

马铃薯产业是宁夏“1+4”特色优势产业,是西吉县所有农作物中种植面积最大、涉及农户最多、比较效益最高的农民脱贫致富的主导产业。近年来西吉县马铃薯产业由商品薯种植大县向种薯繁育大县的转变,推动了农业增效,农民增收的快速发展。但各类土传性病害的发生影响了马铃薯产业的发展,同时磋商了农民种植的积极性。为了测定筛选出对马铃薯枯萎病和干腐病防治效果好、成本较低药剂,为大田防治提供科学依据。     

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural exports

The COVID-19 outbreak has shocked the world's economies in the year of 2020. As this pandemic spreads around the globe, many experts feared that the global food supplies might start running short, especially if supply chains were disrupted. COVID-19 also added to the uncertainty of the business operation. Therefore, it is critical to understand how COVID-19 pandemic affected global food supply and market. In this study, we investigate the impact of COVID-19 on agricultural export companies in China using a unique firm-level survey data. We found that although on average agricultural businesses experienced declines in the exports, exports of some agricultural products especially grain and oil held strong and even increased, implying the essential demand for staple food during the pandemic. Not surprisingly, exports of medicinal herb also increased significantly during the pandemic. However, exports of goods such as edible fungus and horticultural products sharply decreased. Our results also showed that in general, impact of COVID-19 on smaller firms was more severe than that on larger firms. The results of this study can provide useful guidance and implications for agricultural businesses and policy makers on their COVID-19 mitigation efforts to navigate this global pandemic.     

断裂构造地带公路定线研究

本文阐述在断裂构造地质地带的公路定线问题。包括:用航空象片判释和地质调绘方法查明断裂构造分布情况,用航测成图和纸上定线方法确定路基和桥隧构造物的稳定位置。结果表明:用航片判释区域地质构造有较好效果,通过地质调绘为评价路线方案和确定线位提供可靠依据,通过航测成图和纸上定线作出了比较经济合理的方案。     

大别山-桐柏山地区杀虫性植物资源调查初报

大别山、桐柏山属于亚热带向暖温带过渡地气候 ,是植物区系的交接过渡地带 ,既有亚热带典型的代表型 ,又体现着过渡性的特征。能产生具有杀虫活性的次生代谢产物的植物即杀虫性植物。通过广泛调查、采集与鉴定 ,大别山—桐柏山地区分布有杀虫性植物 72科 138种     

利用ETM多光谱数据与SPOT5全色数据相融合进行森林资源调查

以ETM多光谱数据与SPOT5全色数据融合的遥感图像为对象,利用遥感图像和地面调查相结合的方法对吉林省东部山区进行森林资源调查,既可节约成本,又可提高调查精度,为遥感技术应用于森林资源调查设计探索了经验。     

研究森林变化对河川水沙影响的一种便捷方法──以四川省都江堰市白沙河为例

依据航片判读、森林资源调查资料和水文数据，利用流域自身对比法，得出森林变化对河川径流泥沙的定量关系。文中还阐明本方法的技术关键——消除降雨量不同对水沙的影响．该方法具有适合我国国情、费小效宏、精度较高、简捷易行等优点，值得推广提倡。     

湖南省土地荒漠化和沙化监测布局与监测方法

我省土地荒漠化和沙化监测主要包括3个荒漠化监测站和5个沙化监测站，布设监测样地28个。确定了采集监测区域内气象、土壤、水文、生物等方面的信息和方法。     

Evaluation of 12-month interval methods for estimating animal-times at risk in a traditional African livestock farming system

Demographic parameters are useful for assessing productivity and dynamics of tropical livestock populations. Common parameters are the annual instantaneous hazard rates, which can be estimated by m/T (where m represents the number of the considered demographic events occurred during the year and T the cumulated animal-time at risk). Different approaches are encountered in the literature for computing T from on-farm survey data. One crude approach (“the 12-month interval approach”) only uses estimations of herds’ sizes at beginning and end of the year and aggregated counts of demographic events over the year. I evaluated the potential biases in using four 12-month interval methods (M1–M4) to estimate T. Biases were evaluated by comparing the 12-month estimates to gold-standard values of T. Data came from long-term herd monitoring on cattle and small ruminants in extensive agro-pastoral systems. Animal-times at risks were correctly estimated in average by methods M1, M2 and M4 (average relative biases <=6% in absolute values), except for adult-male small ruminants. For young animals, M2 and M4 showed equivalent biases. M2 is simple to implement and has the advantage of being applicable for any age-group, although M4 is only applicable for young animals. M3 was highly biased and I do not recommend it. Although accurate in average, 12-month interval methods showed highly variable biases. This variability results from interactions between the dates delimiting the 12-month interval and the distributions of the demographic events over time. This phenomenon is particularly important for the adult-male small ruminants. Based on the bias variability observed in the study, the user of 12-month interval methods has to remember that they only provide approximate results and that they cannot completely replace the gold-standard approaches.     

部分省市鸡群空肠弯曲菌和结肠弯曲菌的流行状况分析

本研究采用多重PCR方法对我国部分省市不同品种、不同类型的鸡群进行空肠弯曲菌和结肠弯曲菌流行病学调查。结果发现,在3132份鸡肛门棉拭样品中,检测出583份空肠弯曲菌阳性样品,平均阳性率18.61％;48份结肠弯曲菌阳性,平均阳性率1．53％。鸡饲养环境样品217份,6份空肠弯曲菌阳性,阳性率2．76％。不同鸡群感染率悬殊较大,空肠弯曲菌阳性率从0％-73．3％、结肠弯曲菌阳性率从0％-7．4％。30个鸡群中空肠弯曲菌阳性率为86.67％,结肠弯曲菌阳性率43．33％。本调查结果表明我国鸡群中空肠弯曲菌、结肠弯曲菌的流行呈现多样化。     

江苏部分地区鹅球虫种类调查

目的了解江苏地区鹅球虫感染情况。方法在扬州、南京、常州、无锡不同地区选择37个鹅群,群体采样法采集粪样,饱和食盐水收集卵囊,显微镜下观察,进行虫种鉴定。结果共查37个鹅群,球虫阳性27个群,占78．38％。共检到1科3属8种球虫,其中艾美耳属（Eimeria）6种：鹅艾美耳球虫（Eanseris）、有毒艾美耳球虫（Etlocens）、金黄艾美耳球虫（E.fulva）、赫尔曼艾美耳球虫（Ehermani）、法立兰艾美耳球虫（E.farri）、多斑艾美耳球虫（E．stigmosa）;泰泽属（Tyzzeria）1种：稍小泰泽球虫（rparvula）;等孢属（Isospora）1种：鹅等孢球虫（L.anseris）。稍小泰泽球虫、赫尔曼艾美耳球虫、多班艾美耳球虫为优势种,其感染率分别为86．21％、75．86％、58．62％;天鹅主要感染稍小泰泽球虫,其感染率为60％。结论江苏地区鹅球虫感染率较高,需要加强综合防治工作。